Combien coûte la construction d'une usine de recyclage de plastique de 1 t/h en Inde ?

New Delhi, India – The initial investment required to establish a 1 tonne per hour (t/h) plastic recycling facility in India typically ranges from ₹50 lakhs to ₹1.5 crores (approximately USD 60,000 to USD 180,000). This variability is primarily driven by several key factors, including the selection of machinery, the implemented level of automation, the plant’s geographical location, and the specific types of plastic to be processed. A meticulous assessment of these cost components is essential for entrepreneurs aiming to capitalize on this expanding market.

The overall setup expenditure can be classified into two main categories: one-time capital expenditures and recurring operational costs.

One-Time Capital Expenditures: Laying the Groundwork

This category encompasses major initial outlays for machinery, land acquisition, and infrastructure development.

1. Machinery and Equipment: Core Operational Assets (₹25 lakhs – ₹80 lakhs)

The machinery forms the operational backbone of the recycling plant. For a 1 t/h facility, a comprehensive line typically comprises a shredder, a granulator, a washing line, and a pelletizer. The cost of this equipment can vary significantly based on factors such as manufacturer reputation, country of origin (distinguishing between domestic and imported options), and the level of automation.

• Plastic Shredder (1 t/h): Primary function: Breaking down large plastic waste into smaller, more manageable pieces.

  • Estimated Cost: ₹5 lakhs – ₹12 lakhs

• Plastic Granulator (1 t/h): Primary function: Further reducing shredded plastic into uniform flakes.

  • Estimated Cost: ₹3 lakhs – ₹8 lakhs

• Washing and Drying Line (1 t/h): Primary function: A critical stage for removing contaminants such as dirt, labels, and adhesives. A standard line includes a friction washer, a float-sink tank, and a dryer.

  • Estimated Cost: ₹10 lakhs – ₹40 lakhs. Costs may increase for multi-stage washing systems and advanced drying technologies.

• Pelletizing/Granulating Machine (1 t/h): Primary function: Melts cleaned plastic flakes and extrudes them into pellets, the saleable end-product.

  • Estimated Cost: ₹7 lakhs – ₹20 lakhs

2. Land and Building: Strategic Location and Infrastructure (₹15 lakhs – ₹50 lakhs and beyond)

Land acquisition and construction costs are significantly influenced by the plant’s geographical location.

• Land Requirement: A facility with a 1 t/h capacity generally necessitates an area of 10,000 to 20,000 square feet. This area must accommodate machinery, raw material storage, finished product warehousing, and administrative offices.

• Industrial Land Prices:

  • Major Metropolitan Areas (e.g., Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore): Land prices can be exceptionally high, often reaching several crores of rupees per acre.

  • Tier-2 and Tier-3 Cities/Industrial Belts: These locations often present more economically viable options, with prices ranging from ₹20 lakhs to ₹60 lakhs per acre.

• Industrial Shed Construction: Construction costs for a prefabricated industrial shed typically range from ₹250 to ₹450 per square foot. For a 5,000 square feet built-up area, this would equate to ₹12.5 lakhs to ₹22.5 lakhs.

3. Other Capital Costs (₹5 lakhs – ₹10 lakhs)

This encompasses other critical initial investments:

• Utility Setup: Including transformer installation, electricity grid connection, and water supply infrastructure.

• Weighbridge: Essential for accurate measurement of incoming scrap and outgoing finished products.

• Office Setup: Including furniture, IT hardware, and communication systems.

• Initial Licensing and Permits: Costs associated with business registration, environmental clearances, and other statutory approvals.

Recurring Operational Expenditures: Sustaining Daily Operations

These represent the continuous monthly outlays necessary for plant operation.

1. Raw Material (Feedstock) Procurement: (Variable)

The procurement cost of plastic scrap constitutes a significant and often volatile operational expense. Prices are contingent upon the type, quality, and sourcing of the plastic.

• Common Plastic Scrap Prices (per kg):

  • PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate): ₹25 – ₹40

  • HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene): ₹30 – ₹50

  • LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene): ₹20 – ₹35

  • PP (Polypropylene): ₹25 – ₹45

  • Mixed Plastic Waste: ₹10 – ₹20

For a 1 t/h plant operating an 8-hour shift, 25 days a month, monthly feedstock consumption approximates 200 tonnes. Consequently, monthly raw material expenditure can range from ₹20 lakhs to over ₹80 lakhs, contingent on the plastic type.

2. Labor (Human Resources): (₹2 lakhs – ₹4 lakhs per month)

The facility will necessitate a workforce comprising both skilled and unskilled personnel.

• Skilled Labor (Machine Operators, Technicians): Monthly remuneration of ₹18,000 – ₹25,000.

• Unskilled Labor (Sorters, General Operatives): Monthly remuneration of ₹12,000 – ₹18,000.

A typical staffing level for a plant of this scale would be 10-15 employees.

3. Utilities (Energy and Water Consumption): (₹3 lakhs – ₹6 lakhs per month)

• Electricity: Plastic recycling is notably energy-intensive. A 1 t/h plant can have a connected load of 150-250 kW. Assuming an average industrial tariff of ₹8 per unit and 8 hours of daily operation, the monthly electricity bill can be substantial.

• Water: The washing line requires substantial water volumes. Although many contemporary plants integrate water recycling systems, a consistent supply of fresh water remains necessary, with costs dictated by local tariffs.

4. Maintenance and Spares (Estimated at 1-2% of total machinery cost per annum)

Proactive and regular maintenance is vital for ensuring machinery longevity and operational efficiency. This encompasses the periodic replacement of consumable parts such as shredder blades and granulator knives.

5. Transportation and Logistics (Highly Variable)

Expenditures related to inbound logistics (raw materials) and outbound logistics (finished products) will vary based on transport distances and modes utilized.

Government Support and Subsidies

The Indian government, through initiatives such as the Swachh Bharat Mission and directives from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, provides various subsidies and financial assistance programs for waste management and recycling projects. Prospective investors are encouraged to explore these avenues to potentially alleviate the initial capital burden. The specifics of these schemes can vary by state and the project’s nature.

The Path to Profitability

The financial viability and profitability of a plastic recycling plant are contingent upon efficient operational management, consistent procurement of high-quality raw materials at competitive price points, and stable demand for the recycled pellets. The selling price of recycled pellets typically ranges from ₹50 to ₹80 per kg, depending on the plastic type and quality. A well-managed facility, particularly one with secured offtake agreements, can achieve a robust return on investment (ROI).

In conclusion, while establishing a 1 t/h plastic recycling plant in India necessitates a significant upfront investment, the confluence of escalating demand for recycled plastics, supportive government incentives, and the imperative for a circular economy presents a compelling business proposition. Meticulous planning, comprehensive market research, and diligent operational execution are paramount to achieving success in this increasingly vital sector.